ABSTRACT
A partir de un trabajo etnograÌfico centrado en las memorias territoriales de la comunidad aymara de Mulluri (RegioÌn de Arica y Parinacota, Norte de Chile) se propone que el pastoreo, un modo de vida tradicional de origen prehispaÌnico, tinÌe fuertemente la percepcioÌn del espacio de sus habitantes y la clasificacioÌn que elaboran en relacioÌn al mundo de las plantas. Se realizaron entrevistas y observacioÌn participante guiadas por un enfoque etnobotaÌnico y espacial orientado a relevar sistemas clasificatorios y manejos ganaderos. Se analizaron las categoriÌas "cordillera", "costa" y "valle" usadas por los comuneros para nombrar las distintas regiones geograÌficas o pisos ecoloÌgicos de la gradiente occidental andina, definidas por ellos a partir de variables climaÌticas, ecoloÌgicas, simboÌlicas y praÌcticas. SimultaÌneamente, al interior de estas macro regiones los comuneros reconocen zonas especiÌficas seguÌn las asociaciones botaÌnicas existentes. EÌstas fueron conceptualizadas por los comuneros como "etapas de pasto", coincidiendo con los pisos vegetacionales definidos por la botaÌnica. En relacioÌn a las plantas, se registraron categoriÌas geneÌricas de acuerdo a sus formas de crecimiento ("pastos del champeal", "pajas" o wichu, t Ìolas, "montes", "pastos de lluvia" y otros) asiÌ como nomenclaturas especiÌficas por especie.
From an ethnographic work focused on the territorial memories of the Aymara community of Mulluri (Region of Arica and Parinacota, Northern Chile) it is proposed that pastoralism, as a traditional way of life of prehispanic origin, strongly colors the perception and systematic of space and of the world of plants. Interviews and participant observation were conducted guided by an ethnobotanical and spatial approach aimed at relieving classification systems and livestock management. The categories "cordillera", "costa" and "valle" used by the comuneros were analyzed to name the different geographical regions or ecological zones of the western Andean gradient, which are defined by them from climatic, ecological, symbolic and practice variables. Simultaneously, within these macro-regions the comuneros recognize specific zones according to the existing botanical associations. These were conceptualized by the comuneros as "pasture stages", coinciding fully with the vegetational areas defined by botany. In relation to the plants, generic categories were registered according to their growth forms ("pastos del champeal", "pajas" o wichu, t Ìolas, "montes", "pastos de lluvia", among others) as well as specific nomenclatures by species.
Subject(s)
Indians, South American , Ethnobotany , Animal Husbandry , ChileABSTRACT
Sophisticated molecular genetics techniques allow the typification and posterior comparison of antique haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA sequences from prehistoric groups with contemporary populations. This adds a chronological dimension to these studies and contributes to have a better knowledge of the genetic composition of the Chilean population. This article gives scientific support, using molecular methodology, to the alleged biological links that joined the descendants of proto historic Chango fishermen from Puposo cove, a place located 15 kilometers north of Taltal, with prehistoric fishermen from Chinchorro culture, that developed in Northern Chile and Southern Peru between 7900 and 4000 A.C.
Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Genetics, Population , Indians, South American/genetics , Chile/ethnology , Fossils , Haplotypes/genetics , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Assessing the impact of cultural change on parasitism has been a central goal in archaeoparasitology. The influence of civilization and the development of empires on parasitism has not been evaluated. Presented here is a preliminary analysis of the change in human parasitism associated with the Inca conquest of the Lluta Valley in Northern Chile. Changes in parasite prevalence are described. It can be seen that the change in life imposed on the inhabitants of the Lluta Valley by the Incas caused an increase in parasitism